Those tags are evaluated during the Render part of the page’s load cycle. See here for more information.
Displaying (<%= … %>)
Displays the given value as a string.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/6dwsdcf5(v=vs.100).aspx
Displaying with Encoding (<%: … %>)
Displays the given value as string but HTML-Encodes it before.
If you’re sure that the given string is already html-encoded, use it like this:
<%: new HtmlString("<strong>HTML that is not encoded</strong>") %>
http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2010/04/06/new-lt-gt-syntax-for-html-encoding-output-in-asp-net-4-and-asp-net-mvc-2.aspx
Data-Binding (<%# … %>)
Those are resolved when the DataBind method of the control or the page is called.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178366.aspx
Server-Side Comments (<%– … –%>)
Used to comment out code/controls which then won’t be processed.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/3207d0e3.aspx
Server-Side Includes (<!– #include file|virtual=”filename” –>)
Used to insert to content of a given file within the current position.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/4acf8afk.aspx
Embedded Code Blocks (<% … %>)
Used to run some code without returning anything.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms178135(v=vs.100).aspx
Expressions (<%$ … %>)
Used for expressions instead of code.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/d5bd1tad.aspx
Directives (<%@ … %>)
Specifies settings for the page or imports and such.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/xz702w3e(v=vs.100).aspx